The field of research and practice focused on ensuring artificial intelligence systems behave as intended and do not cause unintended harm. Encompasse...
Also: AI alignment, AI risk, responsible AI
A trilateral security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States announced in September 2021. Pillar I focuses on provid...
Also: AUKUS pact, AUKUS alliance
China's global infrastructure development strategy launched in 2013, involving investments in ports, railways, power plants, and digital infrastructur...
Also: BRI, One Belt One Road, OBOR, New Silk Road
A mutual market access scheme that allows investors from mainland China and Hong Kong to trade bonds in each other's markets. Launched in 2017 with no...
Also: Bond Connect scheme
The shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a society develops economically. This transition typically occurs in stages:...
Also: demographic shift, population transition
The ratio of the non-working-age population (typically under 15 and over 65) to the working-age population (15-64). A rising dependency ratio signals ...
Also: old-age dependency ratio, support ratio
China's central bank digital currency (CBDC), officially called e-CNY, developed by the People's Bank of China. It is designed for domestic retail pay...
Also: e-CNY, digital RMB, DCEP
A city or region that serves as a hub for financial services including banking, insurance, capital markets, and asset management. Major financial cent...
Also: financial hub, IFC, international financial centre
The most advanced artificial intelligence systems that push the boundaries of current capabilities, including large language models, multimodal AI, an...
Also: advanced AI, cutting-edge AI, AGI-adjacent
Strategic rivalry between major world powers—primarily the United States and China—across military, economic, technological, and institutional domains...
Also: GPC, strategic competition, superpower rivalry
The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a megalopolis development plan linking Hong Kong, Macau, and nine cities in Guangdong Province i...
Also: GBA, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
The mechanisms and challenges involved in implementing economic sanctions against nations, entities, or individuals. Includes monitoring financial flo...
Also: sanctions compliance, economic statecraft
The economic ecosystem of goods, services, and industries that cater to the needs and consumption patterns of aging populations. Encompasses healthcar...
Also: longevity economy, aging economy
An urban area that uses digital technology, data analytics, and connected infrastructure to improve efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life. S...
Also: digital city, intelligent city
The ability of supply chains to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disruptions. Post-pandemic and amid geopolitical tensions, resil...
Also: supply chain security, friend-shoring, nearshoring
Glossary of THE LONG VIEW